Malay people
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Who is Malay in the Constitution? How Article 160 defines Malay
The article does not use the word blood, but it is not a purely cultural definition either; faith, language, custom, and legal identity all enter at once
Article 160(2) of the Federal Constitution defines Malay not by blood, race, or genes, but by professing Islam, habitually speaking Malay, conforming to Malay custom, and meeting a birth, residence, or descent threshold anchored to Merdeka Day in 1957. But this is not a cold definition lying in a book. It walks into the identity of converts, public statements by Chinese Muslims, the legal position of Orang Asli and Sabah/Sarawak natives, and the everyday phrase "masuk Melayu".